雨林在全球生态系统中起着重要作用。但是，由于几个原因，它们的重要区域正面临森林砍伐和退化。创建了各种政府和私人计划，以监视和警报遥感图像增加森林砍伐的增加，并使用不同的方式处理显着的生成数据。公民科学项目也可以用于实现相同的目标。公民科学由涉及非专业志愿者进行分析，收集数据和使用其计算资源的科学研究组成，并在科学方面取得进步，并提高公众对特定知识领域的问题的理解，例如天文学，化学，数学和物理学。从这个意义上讲，这项工作提出了一个名为Foresteyes的公民科学项目，该项目通过对遥感图像的分析和分类来使用志愿者的答案来监视雨林中的森林砍伐区域。为了评估这些答案的质量，使用来自巴西法律亚马逊的遥感图像启动了不同的活动/工作流程，并将其结果与亚马逊森林砍伐监测项目生产的官方地面图进行了比较。在这项工作中，在2013年和2016年围绕着Rond \^onia州的前两个工作流程收到了35,000美元以上的$ 383 $志愿者的答复，$ 2,050 $ 2,050 $在发布后仅两周半就创建了任务。对于其他四个工作流程，甚至封闭了同一区域（Rond \^onia）和不同的设置（例如，图像分割方法，图像分辨率和检测目标），他们收到了$ 51,035美元的志愿者的答案，从$ 281的志愿者收取的$ 3,358 $ $ 3,358 $任务。在执行的实验中...

热带森林代表了地球上许多物种的动植物的家园，保留了数十亿吨的碳足迹，促进云层和雨水形成，这意味着在全球生态系统中起着至关重要的作用，除了代表无数土著人民的家中。不幸的是，由于森林砍伐或退化，每年丧失数百万公顷的热带森林。为了减轻这一事实，除了预防和惩罚罪犯的公共政策外，还使用了监视和森林砍伐检测计划。这些监视/检测程序通常使用遥感图像，图像处理技术，机器学习方法和专家照片解释来分析，识别和量化森林覆盖的可能变化。几个项目提出了不同的计算方法，工具和模型，以有效地识别最近的森林砍伐区域，从而改善了热带森林中的森林砍伐监测计划。从这个意义上讲，本文提出了基于神经进化技术（整洁）的模式分类器在热带森林森林砍伐检测任务中的使用。此外，已经创建并获得了一个名为E-Neat的新颖框架，并实现了超过$ 90 \％$的分类结果，用于在目标应用中使用极为降低和有限的训练集用于学习分类模型。这些结果代表了本文比较的最佳基线合奏方法的相对增益$ 6.2 \％$

分类是数据挖掘和机器学习领域中研究最多的任务之一，并且已经提出了文献中的许多作品来解决分类问题，以解决多个知识领域，例如医学，生物学，安全性和遥感。由于没有单个分类器可以为各种应用程序取得最佳结果，因此，一个很好的选择是采用分类器融合策略。分类器融合方法成功的关键点是属于合奏的分类器之间多样性和准确性的结合。借助文献中可用的大量分类模型，一个挑战是选择最终分类系统的最合适的分类器，从而产生了分类器选择策略的需求。我们通过基于一个称为CIF-E（分类器，初始化，健身函数和进化算法）的四步协议的分类器选择和融合的框架来解决这一点。我们按照提出的CIF-E协议实施和评估24种各种集合方法，并能够找到最准确的方法。在文献中最佳方法和许多其他基线中，还进行了比较分析。该实验表明，基于单变量分布算法（UMDA）的拟议进化方法可以超越许多著名的UCI数据集中最新的文献方法。

Advances in image processing and analysis as well as machine learning techniques have contributed to the use of biometric recognition systems in daily people tasks. These tasks range from simple access to mobile devices to tagging friends in photos shared on social networks and complex financial operations on self-service devices for banking transactions. In China, the use of these systems goes beyond personal use becoming a country's government policy with the objective of monitoring the behavior of its population. On July 05th 2021, the Brazilian government announced acquisition of a biometric recognition system to be used nationwide. In the opposite direction to China, Europe and some American cities have already started the discussion about the legality of using biometric systems in public places, even banning this practice in their territory. In order to open a deeper discussion about the risks and legality of using these systems, this work exposes the vulnerabilities of biometric recognition systems, focusing its efforts on the face modality. Furthermore, it shows how it is possible to fool a biometric system through a well-known presentation attack approach in the literature called morphing. Finally, a list of ten concerns was created to start the discussion about the security of citizen data and data privacy law in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (AI).

深度学习体系结构已在不同领域（例如医学，农业和安全）取得了有希望的结果。但是，由于培训过程中所需的大型收藏品，在许多实际应用中使用这些强大的技术变得具有挑战性。几项作品通过提出可以更少学习更多知识的策略，例如弱和半监督的学习方法来克服它来克服它。由于这些方法通常无法解决对对抗性例子的记忆和敏感性，因此本文介绍了三种深度度量学习方法与混音相结合，以实现不完整的监督场景。我们表明，在这种情况下，指标学习中的一些最新方法可能无法很好地工作。此外，所提出的方法在不同数据集中的表现优于大多数。

Recent years have seen a proliferation of research on adversarial machine learning. Numerous papers demonstrate powerful algorithmic attacks against a wide variety of machine learning (ML) models, and numerous other papers propose defenses that can withstand most attacks. However, abundant real-world evidence suggests that actual attackers use simple tactics to subvert ML-driven systems, and as a result security practitioners have not prioritized adversarial ML defenses. Motivated by the apparent gap between researchers and practitioners, this position paper aims to bridge the two domains. We first present three real-world case studies from which we can glean practical insights unknown or neglected in research. Next we analyze all adversarial ML papers recently published in top security conferences, highlighting positive trends and blind spots. Finally, we state positions on precise and cost-driven threat modeling, collaboration between industry and academia, and reproducible research. We believe that our positions, if adopted, will increase the real-world impact of future endeavours in adversarial ML, bringing both researchers and practitioners closer to their shared goal of improving the security of ML systems.

When simulating soft robots, both their morphology and their controllers play important roles in task performance. This paper introduces a new method to co-evolve these two components in the same process. We do that by using the hyperNEAT algorithm to generate two separate neural networks in one pass, one responsible for the design of the robot body structure and the other for the control of the robot. The key difference between our method and most existing approaches is that it does not treat the development of the morphology and the controller as separate processes. Similar to nature, our method derives both the "brain" and the "body" of an agent from a single genome and develops them together. While our approach is more realistic and doesn't require an arbitrary separation of processes during evolution, it also makes the problem more complex because the search space for this single genome becomes larger and any mutation to the genome affects "brain" and the "body" at the same time. Additionally, we present a new speciation function that takes into consideration both the genotypic distance, as is the standard for NEAT, and the similarity between robot bodies. By using this function, agents with very different bodies are more likely to be in different species, this allows robots with different morphologies to have more specialized controllers since they won't crossover with other robots that are too different from them. We evaluate the presented methods on four tasks and observe that even if the search space was larger, having a single genome makes the evolution process converge faster when compared to having separated genomes for body and control. The agents in our population also show morphologies with a high degree of regularity and controllers capable of coordinating the voxels to produce the necessary movements.

We describe a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) that simulates the flow induced by the astronomical tide in a synthetic port channel, with dimensions based on the Santos - S\~ao Vicente - Bertioga Estuarine System. PINN models aim to combine the knowledge of physical systems and data-driven machine learning models. This is done by training a neural network to minimize the residuals of the governing equations in sample points. In this work, our flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with some approximations. There are two main novelties in this paper. First, we design our model to assume that the flow is periodic in time, which is not feasible in conventional simulation methods. Second, we evaluate the benefit of resampling the function evaluation points during training, which has a near zero computational cost and has been verified to improve the final model, especially for small batch sizes. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the approximations used in the Navier-Stokes equations regarding the modeling of turbulence and how it interacts with PINNs.

Reinforcement learning allows machines to learn from their own experience. Nowadays, it is used in safety-critical applications, such as autonomous driving, despite being vulnerable to attacks carefully crafted to either prevent that the reinforcement learning algorithm learns an effective and reliable policy, or to induce the trained agent to make a wrong decision. The literature about the security of reinforcement learning is rapidly growing, and some surveys have been proposed to shed light on this field. However, their categorizations are insufficient for choosing an appropriate defense given the kind of system at hand. In our survey, we do not only overcome this limitation by considering a different perspective, but we also discuss the applicability of state-of-the-art attacks and defenses when reinforcement learning algorithms are used in the context of autonomous driving.

Animals run robustly in diverse terrain. This locomotion robustness is puzzling because axon conduction velocity is limited to a few ten meters per second. If reflex loops deliver sensory information with significant delays, one would expect a destabilizing effect on sensorimotor control. Hence, an alternative explanation describes a hierarchical structure of low-level adaptive mechanics and high-level sensorimotor control to help mitigate the effects of transmission delays. Motivated by the concept of an adaptive mechanism triggering an immediate response, we developed a tunable physical damper system. Our mechanism combines a tendon with adjustable slackness connected to a physical damper. The slack damper allows adjustment of damping force, onset timing, effective stroke, and energy dissipation. We characterize the slack damper mechanism mounted to a legged robot controlled in open-loop mode. The robot hops vertically and planar over varying terrains and perturbations. During forward hopping, slack-based damping improves faster perturbation recovery (up to 170%) at higher energetic cost (27%). The tunable slack mechanism auto-engages the damper during perturbations, leading to a perturbation-trigger damping, improving robustness at minimum energetic cost. With the results from the slack damper mechanism, we propose a new functional interpretation of animals' redundant muscle tendons as tunable dampers.